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第 5 篇 Article 5

从签约到开工：中国企业在加州落地清单

From signed lease to opening day: a California setup checklist for Chinese companies

更新于 2026-11-07 Updated 2026-11-07 · AI Space

  1. 设立实体
    • 可直接在加州注册LLC或公司，也可以在其他州（如特拉华州）注册后，向加州州务卿办理外州实体登记。
    • 加州LLC和公司每年须缴纳最低800美元的特许经营税。
  2. 申请EIN（联邦税号）
    • 向IRS申请。没有美国社会安全号的外国申请人可通过电话、传真或邮寄办理。
    • 外资持股企业的申报义务（如Form 5472）请向会计师确认。
  3. 开设银行账户
    • 通常需要董事或负责人本人到场，并提供公司文件和EIN。
    • 2025年3月起，美国本土公司免于FinCEN受益所有人（BOI）申报，但在美登记的外国公司仍需申报。
  4. 进口资质
    • 委托持牌报关行（customs broker）。
    • 以EIN登记为进口商（通过CBP Form 5106）。
    • 购买海关保证金，常年进口一般选择连续保证金。
    • 海运货物须在装船前24小时提交ISF（10+2）申报。
  5. 保险
    • 综合责任险（房东通常要求列为附加被保险人）、财产险、货物或仓储责任险。
    • 雇佣员工必须投保劳工赔偿险。
  6. 许可证
    • 所在城市的营业执照（如洛杉矶市的BTRC）。
    • 装修需申请建筑许可，并取得使用证明。
    • 储存高度超过12英尺且面积超过500平方英尺的，一般需申请高堆货物储存许可（各地标准不同）。
    • 储存超过规定数量的危险品，须向CUPA提交危险品商业计划。
    • 在加州销售实物商品须办理CDTFA销售许可证。
    • 雇人须向EDD登记。
  7. 水电气
    • 电力：南加州爱迪生（SCE）或LADWP。燃气：SoCalGas。
    • 叉车充电和自动化设备需要较大电力，扩容可能需要数月，签约前就要确认。

本文仅供一般信息参考，不构成法律、税务或海关建议；具体决策请咨询持牌专业人士。

  1. Entity
    • Form a California LLC or corporation, or form elsewhere (often Delaware) and register with the California Secretary of State as a foreign entity.
    • California LLCs and corporations owe a minimum $800 annual franchise tax.
  2. EIN
    • Apply to the IRS. Foreign applicants without an SSN can apply by phone, fax or mail.
    • Ask a CPA about foreign-owner reporting such as Form 5472.
  3. Bank account
    • Expect an in-person visit by an officer, with formation documents and the EIN.
    • Since March 2025, FinCEN has exempted U.S.-formed companies from beneficial ownership (BOI) reporting. Foreign companies registered to do business in the U.S. still must file.
  4. Import setup
    • Engage a licensed customs broker.
    • Register as Importer of Record using your EIN (CBP Form 5106).
    • Buy a customs bond. A continuous bond is typical for regular importers.
    • For ocean freight, file the Importer Security Filing (ISF "10+2") at least 24 hours before vessel loading.
  5. Insurance
    • Commercial general liability (landlords usually require additional-insured status), property, and cargo or warehouse legal liability.
    • Workers' compensation is mandatory once you have employees.
  6. Permits
    • A city business license, for example the City of LA Business Tax Registration Certificate.
    • Building permits for tenant improvements, plus a certificate of occupancy.
    • A high-piled combustible storage permit, typically when storage tops 12 ft and covers more than 500 SF. Local rules vary.
    • A Hazardous Materials Business Plan with the local CUPA if hazmat exceeds reporting thresholds.
    • A CDTFA seller's permit if you sell tangible goods in California.
    • EDD employer registration once you hire.
  7. Utilities
    • Electricity from SCE or LADWP, gas from SoCalGas, water from the city.
    • Forklift charging and automation need serious power. Service upgrades can take months, so verify capacity before signing.

For general information only. This is not legal, tax or customs advice; consult licensed professionals before acting.

资料来源 Sources

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